The essay/term paper (essay itself and please include a formal outline of the essay in a separate file) must be an in-depth, comprehensive analysis of the topic (stated below).
The essay should be based on the focused depth of analysis, logical organization, and support (appropriate citations) for the assigned topic. Please do not proceed off-topic, or only respond to a portion of the assigned topic. As explicit instructions: do not spend / waste time presenting any unrelated issues (such as religious views, specific / individual cases, medical symptoms, diagnoses, any opinions, other specific countries’ views / actions / laws, etc.), specific diseases, etc.; stay exclusively focused upon the assigned topic – which is a human medical ETHICAL analysis for the Philippines.
(Carillo) Identify (with citations & attachments) all of the rules, laws, & guidance for human medical gene / genome editing (e.g., CRISPR) in the Philippines. Distinguish ethical issues re treatment of a living person (e.g., for infection / hereditary disease) vs. human germline modification (e.g., “designer babies”). What non-Philippine model(s) would work best for the Philippines, and why (not just your opinion)?
(Solatorio) The UK uses a QALY method for determining “How Much Money (resources) should be expended on patients” (HMMP) in their national health system (individuals may also purchase more resources) – see: “A Health Economic perspective on COVID-19″ above. With Phil. Health now being provided to all Filipinos, what would be an appropriate formula and cap for determining a Philippines’ HMMP? Does any country of equivalent economics and population use such a system as you propose?
(Cantero) Identify (with citations & attachments) all of the rules, laws, & guidance defining “vulnerable” persons regarding human medical research in the Philippines, and how such must be treated. Provide a footnoted tabular list (1) defining each and every group deemed to be “vulnerable” regarding medical research,
(2) noting which Philippines organization(s)
must be involved in ethical oversight for medical research on such defined “vulnerable” persons, and
(3) then distinguish the group-entries in the Philippines’ List from the WHO list. What substantive changes are necessary in the Philippines List(s), and why (not just your opinion)?
Rules regarding how “vulnerable” persons must be treated in Philippines’ Human research may be found in: “National Ethical Guidelines for Health and Health-Related Research 2017 (Version 2, Mar 2018)” (copy attached) hyperlink at: http://www.ethics.healthresearch.ph/index.php/2012-04-19-05-10-10/297-2017-national-ethical-guidelines-revision.
(Apostol) Identify (with citations & attachments) all of the rules, laws, & guidance for medical “social responsibility” in the Philippines; then summarize how each of the NIH, Hospitals, and individual physicians are required and guided to follow. Is the Philippines’ system effective / efficient? What substantive changes are necessary, and why (not just your opinion)?
THIS essay must be focused (100%) on Philippines or International Body that the Philippines has membership with (e.g., United Nations, WHO) laws, policy, rulings, procedure, standards, and implementations, do not waste time discussing other countries’ practices, unless those rules directly affect or define Philippines’ practice (e.g., Philippines’ ratified treaties).
All stated / noted facts must have citations to substantive / scholarly references (not to opinions or “News” articles). Do not use the terms: “may,” “might,” “could,” “would,” and “seem” or their adverbial counterparts, “possibly” and “probably”. Please study the facts and then declare your conclusions in clear and definitive terms with citations to scholarly secondary or primary sources. (adapted from http://www.usu.edu/markdamen/WritingGuide/02defin.htm)
Avoid citations to tertiary references. Cite only references that you have actually read and understand, a few appropriate citations are worth greater value than many poorly considered citations. For ALL references please attach (not counted in the page limit) a clear version in PDF format. For all references and attachments, you also must cite to a current and valid hot-link / hyperlink (https://wikidiff.com/hotlink/hyperlink) of the web-page(s) where it was obtained.
For the PAPER FORMAT: normal (1.5) spacing, margins at 1”, indents at 0”, 10-12 point Times New Roman font (headings at 14-16 point); The noted attachments MUST be attached with the essay and outline. Please also take note any of the following errors: (a) mislabeled or unreadable file, (b) improper spacing/font, (c) insufficient References section (must contain “hyperlinks” to each document found on-line), (d) use of any personal pronoun referring to the reader or author, (e) any rhetorical question(s), (f) any undefined acronyms or any contractions.
Essay length must be between 5-7 pages, which will not include space taken by any/all images, photos, tables, charts, graphs, cover page (if any), quotes, or the “References” section, (g) you must not have cited ANY tertiary references, other than merely to cite included photos, tables, or graphs.
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