What were the traditional methods of data collection in the transit system? Why are the traditional methods insufficient in satisfying the requirement of data collection?

After reading the chapter by Capri (2015) on manual data collection. Answer the following questions:
What were the traditional methods of data collection in the transit system?
Why are the traditional methods insufficient in satisfying the requirement of data collection?
Give a synopsis of the case study and your thoughts regarding the requirements of the optimization and performance measurement requirements and the impact to expensive and labor-intensive nature.

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