How would you explain the concept of a QALY? When is it appropriate to use QALYs instead of simply improved life expectancy as the outcome measure in an economic evaluation?

Answer the following question(s) completely.
. When conceptualizing Boards of Health, why are they important and what are the three key responsibilities of a board of health member? Why did you pick these?
. What are 3 key evaluation questions that you would require of a board for it to improve its performance? Why did you pick these questions?
. As the Hoslinger textbook shows – power can be used in a variety of ways. Please review the Case Study: SARS Outbreak in China.  answer the 5 discussion and application questions. Please put each question before the response.
. Now think of COVID-19 were any lessons learned from the SARS outbreak? If yes what, if no why do you say so?
. What is your overall academic perspective on the use of power and the different types of power that leaders can wield?

2. Read the “Case Study: Tuskegee Syphilis Study” on page 276 of your Holsinger text and then answer the following questions:

.  In your opinion, what has been the cultural legacy of the Tuskegee study within the African American community in the United States?
.  What actions could effective public health leaders have taken to avert the devastating effects of the Tuskegee study?
.  In your opinion, why did US Public Health Service leaders fail to intervene and end the study?

3. answer the following question(s) completely.
. Discuss the good that is assumed in public health. What is its impact on the practice of public health leadership?
. Define justice and its three basic subtypes. Provide public health examples of each.
. As the director of your county’s health department, you have taken the lead in passing a countywide smoking ban in restaurants and bars. You, personally, have quit smoking tobacco products, but you still use e-cigarettes. Discuss which ethical principles you’re use of nicotine supports and which it violates.

4. Write a critical review on a published paper that incorporates a cost-effectiveness analysis.  Use CTX library or any good search engine such as EconLit and type “Cost-effectiveness” and your favorite disease. You should get a number of articles that would be appropriate to discuss the cost-effectiveness for treating the disease you chose.  Your discussion may be pro or con to the cost-effectiveness of treatment.

5. Please answer the following question(s) completely.

A new treatment is discovered that improves survival probability from 85 percent to 95 percent. Discuss the different ways a researcher might look at these results versus the way that the marketing department might discuss them. What is the difference in the way you would view a new treatment that improves survival

probability by the same absolute magnitude, say, from 5 percent to 15 percent? Why do you say so?

How would you explain the concept of a QALY? When is it appropriate to use QALYs instead of simply improved life expectancy as the outcome measure in an economic evaluation?

Choices in health care delivery must be made at two levels: (1) the individual physician prescribing a course of treatment for an individual patient and (2) the policy maker determining the availability of medical care to an entire group of patients or a community. One way to choose among alternative treatment regimes and community programs is by using the criterion of economic efficiency. Briefly describe the three types of economic evaluation that enter into medical decision-making. Discuss the unique features of each and describe their basic strengths and weaknesses.

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