Has the European Union’s climate policy been effective in dealing with the issue of carbon leakage and, if so, does this weaken the case for a carbon border tax?Explain

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THE ESSAY QUESTION IS : Has the European Union’s climate policy been effective in dealing with the issue of carbon leakage and, if so, does this weaken the case for a carbon border tax?

– has the EU-ETS been successfull in reducing emissions?? (PROVIDE STATISTICS WITH REFERENCES CITED IN-TEXT) it is not sufficient why??

– Critically evaluate the effectiveness of the EU climate policy on carbon leakage. then evaluate whether carbon tax is really necessary.

– look at the following:

> EU Green Deal & circular economy / climate change

> CBMA mechanism and its impacts: impact of transition on consumers

> EU-ETS free allocations of emission allowances and carbon pricing (auctioning).

> carbon leakage: further explore and discuss THE 3 CHANNELS FOR CARBON LEAKAGE AND WHETHER THE EU CLIMATE POLICY HAS BEEN SUFFICIENT TO CONTROL FOR THESE IF NOT WHAT SHOULD BE DONE –

> Paris agreement

– are lower emission really due to EU-ETS or is it due to financial cris, COVID crisis, lower use of heavy energy products???

– CBMA weight pros and cons??? impact and view of emerging economies on it?? Unilateral mechanism will create trading barriers and consequently TRADE CONFLICTS??? e.g. Turkey  claims after tax breach of customs union with eu; green wash, “protectionist” mecanism to protect eu producers interests.

– EU should indeed secure its carbon pricing with a pragmatic border adjustment in order to counteract the mere relocation of emissions, an important choice must be made – how to make use of revenues????? — earmarked for technology transfer and international climate financing (Green Climate Fund)?

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