Describing an application of a method or concept from probability or statistics to data science or artificial intelligence.
Key points to consider:
(1) describe the data science/artificial intelligence problem, with particular emphasis on its importance and highlighting the challenges
(2) introduce rigorously and concisely the mathematics (basic notations, concepts and results),
(3) reflect and analyse how the mathematical/statistical tools are being utilised/exploited, and in particular how they help to solve a real world problem.
