Dataset: The Council of Roberton
The Council of Roberton is interested in investigating risk factors that can lead to road accidents in their population. They have sent out a tender for the brightest researchers to inform their future public health policies and health promotion interventions. They are interested in the association between physical activity in terms of reaction time for stopping a car and preventing an accident.
The good news is that they have existing historical data. The data was collected from a census index from the Council of Roberton which has 17,935 residents aged between 6 years to 80 years. Each individual’s data were identified by a six-letter identification code. From the records given on Moodle in the Excel file “Roberton Dataset.xlsx”, the age group and gender of each person in this population are known. Gender was only collected as a binary variable: Male and Female. This data is a snapshot in time and there is no historical or post-research data available.
The Council wanted to examine the association between reaction time and physical activity. Therefore, they have conducted a one-off test as part of their health assessments and collected the reaction time of the individuals. A quick reaction time on the test is considered an indicator of a good ability when to stop a car.
A stratified random sample of 100 Roberton residents has been obtained. The stratification was based on the age groups and the sample size from each stratum was in proportion to that in the population:
Age Group 6-20 21-35 36-50 51-65 65-80
% 22 23 25 19 11
Variable Descriptor
Age Years
Gender Male (M) and Female (F)
Handedness Left-Handed (LH) and Right Handed (RH)
Physical activity Hours per week
Reaction time to test Seconds
Reaction time: Slow and Quick Slow (>= 0.31 sec) & Quick (<0.31 sec)
DATASET:
Volunteer ID Age Gender Handedness Phys. Act. Reac. Time Reacton time: slow vs quick
1 IHVDDL 26 M RH 3.5 0.254074 Quick
2 NCMEOX 43 F RH 1.5 0.390774 Slow
3 SBRHPO 44 M RH 4 0.300103 Quick
4 LVCZRF 64 M RH 3 0.415153 Slow
5 XTVSFC 20 M RH 4.5 0.250908 Quick
6 XDRZKO 28 F RH 3 0.328946 Slow
7 MBNMJB 58 F RH 3.5 0.327346 Slow
8 CUOMNB 52 F RH 3.5 0.323848 Slow
9 OZHARU 19 M RH 6 0.250345 Quick
10 DEKZIA 51 F RH 3 0.364936 Slow
11 SGBVTW 43 M LH 4 0.263651 Quick
12 ZEMJFK 43 F RH 3 0.349891 Slow
13 QKAZUL 35 M LH 5 0.226787 Quick
14 VNJVGG 19 M RH 5 0.202515 Quick
15 CSRNFW 44 M RH 4 0.322696 Slow
16 IEFZGB 15 F RH 4 0.294385 Quick
17 LZSUZN 14 M LH 4 0.201525 Quick
18 WUQKQT 10 F RH 4 0.276566 Quick
19 PNEKWX 28 M RH 3 0.273305 Quick
20 TUWUIB 52 M RH 2 0.335039 Slow
21 HTYTIZ 74 M RH 2 0.406903 Slow
22 CQBIEK 30 F RH 4 0.308271 Quick
23 NTTIWH 80 F RH 3 0.408785 Slow
24 MBEVBF 9 M RH 5.5 0.228226 Quick
25 SXFIOZ 19 F RH 3.5 0.235167 Quick
26 MMDHJO 40 F RH 2 0.373712 Slow
27 XTJTWD 32 M RH 5 0.236355 Quick
28 MQKEOV 41 F RH 3 0.330303 Slow
29 MOULBE 38 M RH 3 0.342959 Slow
30 AVQKZS 14 M RH 5 0.227944 Quick
31 FFLNML 64 F RH 3 0.402127 Slow
32 DIGFUL 29 F LH 3.5 0.245797 Quick
33 YTNIEZ 47 F RH 1.5 0.336358 Slow
34 SFKMGD 11 F RH 4 0.215319 Quick
35 HEUUNJ 63 M RH 2.5 0.34338 Slow
36 NEGDOQ 34 F RH 3.5 0.265359 Quick
37 BSVYMI 9 M RH 4.5 0.233361 Quick
38 IJFHLS 58 M RH 1.5 0.349041 Slow
39 FESBNT 47 M RH 2.5 0.3884 Slow
40 CNHEMA 65 M RH 2 0.430545 Slow
41 CWZNLS 39 M RH 2 0.354201 Slow
42 QPMVUT 38 M RH 3.5 0.296223 Quick
43 PTJFWW 56 F RH 2.5 0.411136 Slow
44 LLZBOA 58 M RH 2 0.415038 Slow
45 GJUVFI 43 M RH 3 0.324668 Slow
46 QYBTNW 45 F RH 1.5 0.345047 Slow
47 AAIRSA 27 F RH 3 0.289131 Quick
48 JQEXEC 17 M RH 4.5 0.204639 Quick
49 FRBPQZ 63 F RH 1 0.451813 Slow
50 XTWNSJ 13 M RH 6 0.209233 Quick
51 SONPZC 36 M RH 2.5 0.289609 Quick
52 IQNVAC 33 M RH 5 0.256971 Quick
53 MPOSOE 48 M RH 4 0.343136 Slow
54 GBHCDK 14 M RH 5.5 0.183928 Quick
55 UELXCD 52 F RH 2 0.397813 Slow
56 RAFLUQ 40 F RH 1.5 0.319358 Slow
57 MBJXYS 48 F RH 1.5 0.351163 Slow
58 UNMRHO 14 M RH 6 0.202551 Quick
59 PMYSPL 15 F RH 5 0.197103 Quick
60 ILJJMK 48 M RH 3 0.375297 Slow
61 QZROYJ 65 F RH 3.5 0.371229 Slow
62 VYJVHD 35 M RH 5 0.318889 Slow
63 QFUBQK 13 M RH 6 0.196339 Quick
64 LJOQYQ 69 F LH 0.5 0.378272 Slow
65 GMSRCA 73 M LH 1.5 0.368826 Slow
66 OMKDVR 37 F RH 2.5 0.366972 Slow
67 EBTOIJ 52 M RH 1.5 0.42042 Slow
68 TSUJEB 50 M RH 2.5 0.36039 Slow
69 IKAMON 9 F RH 5.5 0.176372 Quick
70 EMXRID 62 F RH 2.5 0.41135 Slow
71 OIXEFY 67 F RH 1 0.385949 Slow
72 ZPFUEX 11 F RH 3 0.294913 Quick
73 CFQFDJ 6 F LH 3.5 0.193657 Quick
74 QAJNNV 7 F RH 5 0.246434 Quick
75 ZPCLMA 27 F RH 3.5 0.316907 Slow
76 APWZDY 24 M LH 5 0.203713 Quick
77 KTDTFB 75 M RH 2 0.456536 Slow
78 GAAWQB 9 M LH 4.5 0.187153 Quick
79 DQYYAW 18 M RH 4.5 0.268085 Quick
80 CZOKCZ 66 M RH 0.5 0.411091 Slow
81 YLBHXJ 8 M RH 6 0.16851 Quick
82 EIOHUL 9 F RH 3 0.26532 Quick
83 ZKUZLC 14 F RH 4 0.212277 Quick
84 ASQWBJ 71 M RH 0.5 0.415695 Slow
85 STPQKA 43 F RH 3 0.368288 Slow
86 JSPACY 31 F RH 2.5 0.278953 Quick
87 SLZNQC 12 F RH 3.5 0.222009 Quick
88 PRYMNW 55 F RH 2 0.365204 Slow
89 TIGFWA 32 M RH 5.5 0.229825 Quick
90 HFXUKA 43 F RH 2 0.381614 Slow
91 ZRBLZF 47 M RH 4 0.292199 Quick
92 DDOIWB 34 F LH 3 0.260509 Quick
93 EUJKGH 51 F RH 1 0.362534 Slow
94 KFWAMH 12 F RH 4.5 0.229808 Quick
95 VTRWSR 11 F RH 3 0.246107 Quick
96 PFAGGU 32 M LH 5 0.21584 Quick
97 LDTOBG 25 M RH 5 0.243748 Quick
98 KQDGMK 34 M RH 5.5 0.233727 Quick
99 SQLZZA 42 M RH 2.5 0.30988 Quick
100 RXQQHR 72 F RH 3 0.43385 Slow
Section A: Understanding the context (8 marks)
The Council of Roberton is really concerned about the number of recent road accidents, and has called a community meeting. They have called for an enquiry named the Roberton report. You are part of the team to help them make decisions for their community. The aim of your assignment is to investigate injury prevention and road safety.
Let’s ask some preliminary questions about accidents.
Additional resources:
Stopping distances: speed and braking (graph)
Stopping distances on wet and dry roads (table)
What factors may influence road safety and contribute to the road toll?
List 2 direct factors and 2 upstream factors. (4 marks)
A person’s reaction time can be critical to their safety. Consider that you are driving a good car in dry conditions at 60 km/hr and a child unexpectedly steps out from behind a parked car which is only 45 meters in front of you. Will you have enough time to stop?
Using the graph provided, state the distance travelled in meters if the car is travelling at 60 km/hr on a dry road.
Using the table provided, state the distance travelled in meters if the car is travelling at 100 km/hr on a dry road.
Now that we know that driver reaction distance in meters and car braking distance play a role in stopping a car.
Describe your findings of whether the car stopped at 60 km/hr or 100 km/hr for the child 45 m away by completing these two sentences:
o At 60 km/hr, the car will … o At 100 km/hr, the car will …
