Cognitive and behavioural symptoms of bipolar disorder OR depression
Part 1. Describe cognitive and behavioural symptoms of bipolar disorder OR depression. In Part 1 of this assignment, you should take care to identify those symptoms which you believe are behavioural and those which pertain to cognitions. Your markers will look for evidence that you have delineated which represents cognitive symptoms and which are considered behavioural symptoms.
Part 2. Describe and discuss how ‘cognitive theories’ differ from ‘learning theories’ in their explanation of why symptoms happen in bipolar disorder OR depression. In Part 2 you need to demonstrate your understanding of how two different perspectives account for the symptoms and make clear how they differ. Your markers will allocate marks to how well you describe the key elements of each theory and marks will be allocated for how well you describe the key differences. A hint – Cognitive theories focus on faulty thinking patterns and cognitive biases while learning theories focus on the role of environmental factors, such as conditioning and reinforcement. Note, you can be selective if you like by highlighting that your description will focus on accounts of symptoms X & Y. This will enable you to achieve the depth required in the recommended word count.
Part 3. Describe how cognitive behavioural therapy is used to reduce the symptoms of bipolar OR depressive disorder and how it is thought to work.
in Part 3, you need to show your understanding of a particular approach to treatment, what type of symptoms the approach is addressing and how this is carried out to bring change for the client. Your account should be a critical evaluation, in that you attempt to look critically at the research base to provide information about the current evidence base for the treatment.
Formatting:
1.No front page or abstract is needed
2. The body of your essay should include an introductory paragraph and a brief concluding paragraph
3. You may use sub-headings if you wish, but it is not a requirement
4. Don’t include quotes in the essay. We are interested in how you demonstrate your understanding of the subject matter.
5. Whenever possible, use peer-reviewed journal articles. If you need to cite web pages, make sure that they are reliable sources of information such as the NICE guidelinesLinks to an external site..
6. You don’t need to attach evidence of an extension. I will have that information already.
7. Don’t include footnotes.
Citations and references: APA 7th
Where do I start researching this topic?
Check these papers out, they are available via the essay folder in the Course Readings tab. You might also find some of these Course Readings or the library useful for the assignment. You can of course use whatever papers you find useful but these provide a good starting point.
Carvalho, A. F., Firth, J., & Vieta, E. (2020). Bipolar disorder. New England Journal of Medicine, 383(1), 58-66.
Novick, D. M., & Swartz, H. A. (2019). Evidence-based psychotherapies for bipolar disorder. FOCUS, A Journal of the American Psychiatric Association, 17(3), 238-248.
Otte, C., Gold, S. M., Penninx, B. W., Pariante, C. M., Etkin, A., Fava, M., … & Schatzberg, A. F. (2016). Major depressive disorder. Nature reviews Disease primers, (1), 1-20.
Santoft, F., Axelsson, E., Öst, L. G., Hedman-Lagerlöf, M., Fust, J., & Hedman-Lagerlöf, E. (2019). Cognitive behaviour therapy for depression in primary care: systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychological medicine, 49(8), 1266-1274.
