A 6-year-old male has been having fevers that come and go, fatigue, and joint pain. He was brought to the emergency department on two occasions over the last three months. Three months ago, he was diagnosed with group A Streptococcus pharyngitis and given an antibiotic course. When the child was presented to the emergency department for the third time, the physician noted a new systolic murmur. The workup for his symptoms revealed severe mitral and aortic valve regurgitation. Further investigation into the patient’s history revealed non-compliance with the antibiotic treatment given for the group A beta-hemolytic Streptococcus infection three months ago.
1.What is the likely diagnosis for this child?
2.What is the mechanism of heart valve damage seen in this child?
3.How can complications such as this be prevented following a group A Streptococcus pharyngeal infection?
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